A Hopkins Nurse administers mouth-to-mouth resuscitation during a closed-chest cardiac massage. The technique, in which the rescuer restores circulation by administering rhythmic compressions to the patient's chest, was developed at Johns Hopkins in the late 1950s. The procedure offered a new clinical criterion for death, as even patients whose heart had stopped beating could potentially be revived. 
The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
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